Maxaa BBU ku dhashanaya inay la shaqeeyaan Base Transceiver Stations?

Roolaha BBU ee Ka Mid ah Qudhaha BTS iyo Isdhexgalka Wajibka

Hormuudinta Shaqsiga Baseband: Sida BBU ay Ula Hadliyeen Hormuudinta, Coding, iyo Macaamilka Awoodda

Qalbiga dhismaha saldhigga saldhigga (BTS) wuxuu ku yaalaa cutubka saldhigga (BBU), kaas oo maareeya dhammaan shaqada muhiimka ah ee wax soo saarka calaamadaha dhijitaalka ah. Ka fikir waxyaabaha sida farsamooyinka is-beddelka, hababka codsiga kanaalka, iyo sida khayraadka loo qaybiyo si dhaqso ah kanaalada kala duwan. Marka la dirayo calaamadaha, cutubkani wuxuu qaataa xogta ceeriin wuxuuna u beddelaa astaamo la isku habeeyay iyada oo loo marayo nidaamyo kala duwan sida Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (QAM). Waxa kale oo ay ku dartaa codsiyada saxda ah ee qaladka si loo ilaaliyo musuqmaasuqa xogta inta lagu jiro gudbinta. sixirka dhabta ah wuxuu dhacaa marka algorithms-yada waqtiga dhabta ah ee loo qoondeeyo khayraadka ay soo galaan, iyagoo kala qaybinaya bandwidth-ka la heli karo dadka isticmaala si aan cidna ugu xirnayn sugitaanka waqti dheer ee xogtooda si ay u soo galaan iyadoo wali la hubinayo inaan ka faa Dhamaadka aqbalaadda, BBU waxay qabataa dhammaan demodulation iyo decoding shaqada lagama maarmaanka ah. Halkaan ayay tahay meesha ay awood adag u leedahay in ay wax ka qabato maxaa yeelay waxay saameyn ku yeelataa wax walba sida ugu dhakhsaha badan ee macluumaadka u socdo (latency) ilaa heerarka guud ee wareejinta xogta (throughput) iyo in nidaamyadu ay si sax ah ula qabsan karaan marka tayada signalku si lama

Xaqiiqda Qaab-dhismeedka leh Wajaha RF: Khataraada Isgaarsiinta Baseband ee RF ku dhexeeya Istimaahlo Inta Badan

Wajaha Qaybta Biyanka (BBUs) wuxuu shaqeeyaa in la kalsoonidamaa Wajaha Raadiyaha Distant (RRUs) adigoo isticmaalaya xidhidda cabirka caadiga ah, gaar ahaan CPRI ama eCPRI. Sinyalalka biyanka la siiyey ay u socdaan sida xogga digital ee BBU ilaa RRU sidaas oo kaliya intee ay iskudhufaan. Marka sinyalkani dhammaantiin RRU, waxay loo wareejin kartaan ka dhigitaalinta ilaa analog markaasna loo tixraacsiin kara RF-ka si loo daabaciyo antenna. Iyadoo kale, marka antennada heli doonaan sinyal RF, koobka hore ayaa loo badali kara in ay noqdaan digitid ka dibna loo diri kara BBU-uhu halkaas oo dhammaan faahfinta lagu sameyn kara. Xidhidda laba talaadkan leh yar yar yahay wuxuu kala ammaan kara waqtiga saxda komponennteed. Kan naantahay waa muhiim tahay siisaf ah sababtoo ah kuwan hadal kala duwan iyo hababka MIMO weyn ku qeexan kartaa shabakadaha la kala saaran BTS-iyada kala duwan.

Koorsheyaal Isticmaal ku Saamaynaya BBU–BTS In la Iibsaayo

CPRI vs eCPRI: Waqti Dhacdo, Bandhigga, iyo Wada Jirka Ee La Xidhiidha BBU–RU

Alaabta CPRI wuxuu siiyaayo kaalinta ka hooseeya 100 microseconds oo ah muhiim u ah si khal ah loo isticmaalo shaqooyinka fasaxda jismaniya. Laakiin waxaa jira shuruud, wuxuu u baahan yahay bandhigga sare ee fronthaul oo ka mid ah 24.3 gigabits kila saa kila antenka. Tani waxay sameynaa arrimo laab taasoo ah in lagu dhisno shunkeedka 5G ku tiirsan qoto dheer. Hase ahaatee, eCPRI wuxuu hela nooc kale oo isticmaalaya teknoolojiga Ethernet ku tiirsan buutalka iyo isku qaybinta shaqooyinka sida Split-7.2. Muhimaddan waxay qayb tahay bandhigga bandhigga bandhigga had iyo jeer 60% had iyo jeerna waxay oggolaan doonaan virtualization gudaha gudaha unit-ka baseband bilaabiyeed iyadoo la socda waqtiga jawaab celceliska ah oo loo baahan yahay shaqooyinka muhiima. Waxaa jira hal shay, markii ogeerayaasha isku dayaan in ay isku dayaan in ay isku dayaan in ay isku dayaan in ay isku dayaan in ay isku dayaan in ay isku dayaan in ay isku dayaan in ay isku dayaan in ay isku dayaan in ay isku dayaan in ay isku dayaan in ay isku dayaan in ay isku dayaan in ay isku dayaan in ay isku dayaan in ay isku dayaan in ay isku dayaan in ay isku dayaan in ay isku dayaan in ay isku dayaan in ay isku dayaan in ay isku dayaan in ay isku dayaan in ay isku dayaan in ay isku dayaan in ay isku dayaan in ay isku dayaan in ay isku dayaan in ay isku dayaan in ay isku dayaan in ay isku dayaan in ay isku dayaan in ay isku dayaan in ay isku dayaan in ay isku dayaan in ay isku dayaan in ay isku dayaan in ay isku dayaan in ay isku dayaan in ay isku dayaan in ay isku dayaan in ay isku dayaan in ay isku dayaan in ay isku dayaan in ay isku dayaan in ay isku dayaan in ay isku dayaan in ay isku dayaan in ay isku dayaan in ay isku dayaan in ay isku dayaan in ay isku dayaan in ay isku dayaan in ay isku dayaan in ay isku dayaan in ay isku dayaan in ay isku dayaan in ay isku dayaan in ay isku dayaan in ay isku dayaan in ay isku dayaan in ay isku dayaan in ay isku dayaan in ay isku dayaan in ay isku dayaan in ay isku dayaan in ay isku dayaan in ay isku dayaan in ay isku dayaan in ay isku dayaan in ay isku dayaan in ay isku dayaan in ay isku dayaan in ay isku dayaan in ay isku dayaan in ay isku dayaan in ay isku dayaan in ay isku dayaan in ay isku dayaan in ay isku dayaan in ay isku dayaan in ay isku dayaan in ay isku dayaan in ay isku dayaan in ay is......

3GPP iyo O-RAN Taliyada: Xasuustinta Compatibility BBU Ee Kala Duwan oo La Celiyey Ecosystems BTS

Dhawraddii 15 ee 3GPP waxa uu dhisay xubnaha saaran ee ku jira in kaa mid ah sarradda hoose (sida loo yaqaan Option 2) iyo waqtiga sync ee beddeli kara +1.5 microsecond. Tani wuxuu caawiya inay baseband units isku day doonaan si kalsoonid ah, laeey baa u sameeyey. Markaasaa O-RAN ALLIANCE imanaysa oo qorsheeda ragga leh, abuuraya dhulal aabbaadood oo aan ka gudbo in kasta kompani. Fronthaul spec-ka waa tusaale fiican, kan aad u dhex maragno hardware iyo software si baseband units oo ka mid ah saaraha kala duwan ay isku daydo radio units sidii loo baahna BTS qorsheed. Eegitaanka tirooyinka maamulka 2023 ayaa muujinaysa in badankii shirarka hadda ay isku dayaan inay isticmaasho farsaamahan O-RAN, ka dib markaasi 7 ka 10 dunida dhammee. Sababta ugu weyn? Waxay doonayaan inay ka baxaan inay isku dayaan inay isticmaasho saaro khalinta kompani kasta. Tafatuminan danbe waxa uu kordhin jiray tijaabooyinka shirarka kala duwan iyo ka buuxin jiray wakhtiga isku daynta alaabta cusub.

Kala qaybinta Shaqo iyo Horumarinta RAN: Sida Kalsoonida BBU ay kala beddesho D-RAN, C-RAN, iyo O-RAN

FH-7.2, FH-8, iyo Qaybinti kale: Weydiimadda Xariiqtii BBU iyo Digniinta Muruqaadka BTS

Kala qaybinta shaqo—laga saamirinayo Ururka O-RAN—ay cusub yeesha meel aya loogu sameeyaa sifo PHY (sifo heerka PHY), iskudhafka kalsooni wadaagga radio (RUs), wadaagga dabiiciga ah (DUs), iyo wadaagga marka hausa (CUs). Kala beddelkaan si toos ah uunaysa sifo xariiqtii BBU iyo muruqaadka BTS:

• FH-7.2 wuxuu u diraa qaybo kala duwan sifo PHY (tusaale, IQ dabbaarid, FFT/IFFT) kuwa RU, ka raba bandigga fronthaul ~40% oo kala saaran horumarinta cloud-RAN.
• FH-8 , kaas oo ilaaliyaa sifo PHY buuxda ku DU, wuxuu dhigta xaddidimo khaaska leh (<250 µs) laakiin wuxuu taageela halaqaad dheeraha leh tusaale ahaan massive MIMO densification.

Sidaa daraaddeed:

Mid walba ka tixsiga meelaha isku dhexe wuxuu sameynayaa xaqiiqo kala duwan oo habdhab ah iyo taageerada alaabta—laakiin marka la keliyo, waxay ka saaran tahay ilaalada alaabta ah iyo waxay kala badashaa 5G in lagu dhisaa network-ka

Khilaafaha BBU ee muhiimka ah oo ku caawinaya BTS Compatibility

Khilaafadda Baseband Unit (BBU) leh kuwa Base Transceiver Stations (BTS) ay ku tiigsan tahay khamsa khilaafadood oo asalka ah oo kucaawinaya in lagu diiwaan gelin karo RAN architecture-ka hore:

• Miisaanka : Kala soo ururka astaamaha shaqada si loo ekaayo korontooyinka dadka iyo horumarinta shabakada—siilidha alaabta aan la baadh—in la ekaado talooyinka 5G ee kala duwan.
• Astaahanka Shaqada Sare : Dalaga la socda had iyo jeed up to 100 Gbps si loo hubiyo isku dheelitaanka, lugaha codka, iyo dabinka — muhiim ah si loo hubiyo sasaraarida signal ee ka hooseeyaha iyo saxsaxadda sare.
• Dhalinyarada Qiimaha : Taageerada aasaasiga ah ee CPRI, eCPRI, iyo O-RAN fronthaul standaardadka iyadoo loo isticmaalayo xariijin software-defined, si loo helo iskudhafka kala duwan ee BTS qofka kale.
• Taageerada Virtualization : Qorxdhigga aan ku habboon in lagu dhex martido cloud-RAN mabaadiinta, taageerada shaqooyinka containerized iyo mudalada infrastructure-as-a-service oo la maareyney inay ka qayb qaataan 40% ee networkyada ilaa 2025.
• Raacinta Aamininta : Loo dhiso tixgelinta, aqoonsiga guurka leh, iyo maamulka keynka lagu xidhan 3GPP qaanuunka aamininta (tusaale ahaan, TS 33.501), si loo hubiyo ammaan kaga kor ugu kor inta kasta RAN goobta furan.

Sakhar, kuwaas waxay diiradda saaran tahay qabdhaha gudaha iyo siyaasadda isku dhasha saxsan, taageerada saxsaxadda sasaraarida signal ee la wadaag lahayd goobaha la dhisay, markaasna la isku dhashay, iyo RAN goobaha la isku dhashay.