Sidaa Maxay Ugu Wanaagsan Kordhinta Adeegga Xariijinta Baseband?

Wajahyada Makaarka ee Baseband Unit-ka 5G-ka Xallinta Sisabka

Xallinta Sisabka Waqti Hadda Laga Joogo: Sidaa Ugu Wanaagsan Dhibcaha ka Hooseysa 10ms 5G-ka

Wajaha saacida ah ee digitaalka wajaha saacadaha si loo sameeyo shaqada muhiimka ah ee sifraaliga digitaalka inay sameystarto dhexdooda waqtiga weyn, taas waxay noqdaan muhiimka ah si loo helo waqti-dhacadda sareeed ee loo baahan yahay 5G isticmaalka sida carruurta guriga iyo nidaamka maamulka fabriikada. Kuwani wajaha saacadaha siyaasadda xubnaha kaga sarreeya ka hore 2 milliseconds, iyagoo ilaalinaya jaro kasta oo la socda kuwa kale hoos u dhaca 10 millisecond limit ahaan loo marayo 3GPP standards. Iyagoo isticmaalaya hababka sifo sifo parallel processing iyo hardware boosts, BBUs ayaa ku badali kara inay isticmaalaan awoodaha markii xaaladu beddelaan. Tan macnaheedu waa inay sii wada bixiya runta ah marka shunkeeduna way ugu yar yihiin ilaa maalintiina rush ama dhacdooyinka weyn.

Sareenka Sifraalka Digitidka: Modulation, Channel Coding, iyo MIMO Precoding

Sareenka sifraalka digitidka BBU-uhu wajaha saddex qaab asaasiga ah si ay uga saaraan sifaarka iyo fududka spektralka:

1. Modulation isticmaalaya hababka sareed sifraalka sifraalka QAM-256 iyo QAM-1024 ayaa lagu sifra sifraalka radio waveforms
2. Koodka sare wuxuu ku xisaabtama koodhka LDPC iyo Polar sidaas oo kala duwan koodhka Turbo ee 4G, ka raba dhibaadda bit-ka hada 68%
3. Koodka hore MIMO wuxuu kuu dhalin kartaa taliyada xagga caafimaadka si awood u leh, ka saara tilmaamka isku qabsiga hada 3.1x (Mobile Experts 2023)
   Sakhaarkani walba waxay ku samaysata in lagu yarayo kaalinta bakkadaha iyo in lagu haysto tilmaam aad u weyn magaaloyinka aad u baahantahay.

Tijaabo kooban: BBU mugga ugu sare ku xisaabtama waqti dheerka kor u socda hada 42% magaaloyinka 5G

Tijaabo farshaxan 2023 ee BBU 6630 ee markeynta ugu muhiimsan ee Tokyo ayey muujiye tijirka aad u weyn iyadoo loo isticmaalay virtualization iyo tilmaamo tilmaamka ku tiisay machine learning. Jajabkii ay sameeyay:

• xisaab celcelis aad u kala duwan hada 42% (ka dib u horjeed 9.2ms ilaa 5.3ms)
• horumarinta tilmaamka dhulka-gudaha hada 17%
• 31% ka yar inta la soo cabsanayo markii lagu wareejinayo
  Taniyaal waxay tusaysaa in BBU ay noqon kartaa qalbiga xisaabinta ee shunkeedka 5G oo aamin ah, gaar ahaan markii loo isticmaalo magaalada ku tiirsan in ay kala duwan yihiin.

Shunkeedka BBU-Drive: Kudar Inta Laga Qadrayn Kharashka, Kordhinta Iibka, iyo Helitaanka

RAN Wadaagga (C-RAN): Isku Xidhka Aasaaska Marinkaad Marinkaad Ee BBU

Hormarinta Cloud RAN ama C-RAN waxay isticmaalaa wajaha kalsoonida virtualeed oo ku qayb qaata gargaaridda saamiska cellulaarka badan badan, kaas oo aan laha jilicsanaan magaalo kasta. Tanu wuxuu ka saarisaa habdhabka xoolooyinka taas oo aad inta ugu yaraan 30% siiba, waxaana kuu dhalisaa in lagu beddelo shaqada sanasalka ah. Markii lagu daryeelo baahitaanka shabakada, nidaamkuna waxa uu iibin kara gargaarid bixinta saamiska geesood oo aan la istcmaalin si buuxda, oo siiya talada loo baahan yahay. Qaybta? Wastoo ay ka dhigantahay saddex mar ka badan marka laga reebo in lagu iibsado hawlwadaag cusub. Waa mid maansan markaad tafteeri.

Isku-darista Massive MIMO iyo Isticmaalka Xariijinta Lagu Sareyn kara Bilaashan BBU

Algorismadaha BBU ku xusan ay iskudhufan tahay geedhaha antenka si loo samayn karo kuwo sare iyo kuwo qoto dheer. Tani waxaa leh in dadka badan ay isticmaalan habab kasta oo walba, iyagoo kordhaya helitaanka sifraadiga 47%. Isku-dararka sifraadiga sidoo kale wuu ka dhiman garaafka, taasoo oggola in lagu dhexdhexaadayo shabakadaha 5 mar inta ugu aadna markii la ilaaliyo naxariista 99.999%—waxaana muhiim ah sababta tijaabooyinka muhiimka ah.

Kala duwidda Muhiimka :

• Xisaabinta fagaaradda: Jawaab celcelis ah ka yar 10ms-ga industrial IoT
• Kordhinta qaabka: 40 Gbps per cell ee mmWave deployments
• Farsamada hantida: Hantida ka yar 60% per gigabyte maamulka RAN kala go'lan

Qodobbada Hardware Muhiimka ah oo Ka Siiyaan Adeegga Baseband Unit

FPGA/ASIC Acceleration: Helitaanka Qaab Sare Ugu Horreeya FFT vs. Nidaamka Xabsiyeedha x86

Qodobbada Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) iyo Application Specific Integrated Circuits (ASICs) ayaa sidaa uunaysaa awoodda xisaabinta loo baahan yahay si loo kalsooni karo isjirka 5G maalin-kasta, ka badan qofkooda x86 hore ee lagu guulaysii tirada iyo inay isticmaasho gaagaabdar awood. Qodobbada ma-aamulkaas waxay ku saaraan socodka shaqooyinka ay dambalka laga qiimeyn karo marka la eego suugaanta Fast Fourier Transform, taas oo muhiim ah si loo helo in lagu beddelo iyo lagu marilmo dhammaan MIMO weydaarka sii degdeg ah ee anna arkayna. Marka shirkadaha ka fogaysta CPU-yada caadiga ah oo imanaya fidda FPGA ama ASIC, waxay dib ujeedaan dhammaan shaqooyinka sarreeya intiisa meeshaas. Arrimahaas waxay ka qaadaan xalinta codka iyagoo kaleedha awood daaqsid. Qaar ka mid ah tijaabooyinku muujinaysaa saddex kabiin ilaa barakaba halba dhisan in awoodka loo qaadatay gobolada magaalada ee teknoolojiyadu la isticmaalay.

Sare ugaarinta Processor, DSP, Xogta iyo Ujeedka inta BBU la isticmaalayo Maqalka Hore

Maqaalaha maqalka hore ayaa ku jira kartaa hal dabag ah - wixii loo yaqaan processor-adaabarka badan oo shaqeynaya alaabta saamaynta sifo-dhexeedsan, xogta sare buuxda, iyo dhammaan noocyada isku darka caadiga ah la gudbiyey hal jajab yar. DSP wuxuu shaqeeya weyn marka lagu soo saaro siyaasadda, dib u soo saaro, iyo shaqeynaya shaqooyinka codka saxda ah. Marka hore, processor-ka waaweyn wuxuu ilaaliyaa shakhsiyaadaha sida maqalka kalsoonida iyo qaar ka mid ah shaqooyinka kor saaraha. Si loo eego xogta weyn ee radio frequency ee soo socda, synchronous DRAM wuxuu tusaale ahaan ku jira, shaqeynaya xariiqtan oo ka sarreeya 200 gigabits sabtiidkii, taasoo iskudhafka in kala duwan in ay dhacdo muddo la'aanta. Isku darka, waxaa jira beegyo badan muhiim ah in lagu darsado in ay isku dhasho si fudud.

• eCPRI : Wuxuu kuu dhaqaaqdaa xidhiidhka hore ee ka yar dhicitaanka waqtiga
• 25GbE : Wuxuu taageersanayaa iskudhufashada dibadaha
• PCIe Gen4 : Wuxuu kuu dhaqaaqdaa isku darka sare leh ee microchip-ka
  Meesha kan la iskudhafan tahay wuu saaraa habaysiinta bus, sidoo kale wuu garanbay in dhicitaanka waqtiga uu ka yar 100µs si loo helo adeegyada awoodsanaanta weyn.

Fa’iidooyinka Sare ugu muhiimsan ee Baseband Units: Awoodga Kor u qaadida, Xajminta Nidaamka, iyo Adeegga Ilaalinta Jidka Dambe

Ilaalinta O-RAN: Isku-dhufashada iyo Awoodga BBU

Konteenstiga Open RAN siinayaa in la abuurmo iibiyayaal badan oo kala duwan ku dhasho sokoni iyo kula saamaysada in la dhisno hardware iyo software. Laakiin, noocaas waxay abuuraan baadhitaanno marka loo eego in aad uga jirto awoodda baseband unit (BBU) daaweynka xaqiiqda farxad raad ah. Nidaamka modular ayaa idinka leeyahay in lagu dhalo iyo lagu kordhiyo fudud, sidoo kale waxay ka qaban kartaa khasabada nidaamka wixii u dhaxeysa 30% sida loo tilmaamay Tijaabadda Telecom ee sanadkii danbe. Laakiin, faa’iidooyinkani ayaa ka soo baxa qiimaha. Nidaamku u baahan yahay in lagu maareyno taliyada interface, kadibna waxaa jira baadhitaannada isdhexgalka waqtiga sigoonid iyo dhaawacyada soo wareegista data. Marka la shaqeeyo applications-kaas oo milliseconds-ka way muhiim tahay, sida nidaamka automation guriyada la xidhanayo IoT devices, sharcigarka network ma haynin xul, laakiin inay hubiyaan in dhammaantood ay shaqeeyaan si fudud iyo adag marka laga bilaabo ilaa dhamaad. In lagu dhisno BBUs si stratejik waxay beddelwaan in lagu helo xagga wanaagsan ee u dhaxlay qaabka furan ay offer-garin addeecimada iyo wuxuu u baahan yahay si loo gaaro talabada awoodda 5G-Advanced iyo haddana staandarda 6G aan la garanin.