Sida Laga Xidhiidi Kalsoonida Opticska iyo Hantiyada Habkaynta?

Owaamnaya Qaybaha Foomka Toosnimada iyo Standarka MSA

Qaybaha Foomka Badan ee Kalsoonida Opticska: SFP, SFP+, QSFP, and OSFP

Xubnaha la socda soo iibsan karaa shaxal u eg ah in aad ugu yeedhaan hababka foomka (form factors) kaas oo caawinaya in qalabka kala duwan loo isticmaalo wajiba. Tusaale ahaan, qalabka Small Form-factor Pluggable (SFP). Qalabkan waxa uu samaysan karaa xariiqa ilaa ku dhow 4.25 gigabits kisaqinka, waxaana la isticmaal jiraa si loo dhiso jajabka geedkii shabakadda. Marka kale, waxaa jira SFP+ oo ka hor inta badan, taas oo bixiyana xariiqa 10 ilaa 25 Gbps, kan aad uga muhiim ah marka la eego data centers-daha aan horey, halka xariirka sare baahan tahay. Haddii meesha ay hoos u dhacdo server rooms-ka, shirkadaha waxaa loo kala helaa Quad Small Form-factor Pluggable (QSFP28) modules, taas oo bixiyana xariiqa 100 ilaa 400 Gbps, sidaa darteed waxa loo baahanyahay cloud computing infrastructures-ka weyn ee annaga maqlayaa maanta. Ilaaliyona haddeega, shaqsiyaad cusub oo loo yaqaan Octal SFP (OSFP) waxaa ku dhasha xariirqo adagnaa 800 Gbps oo khusan ku ah qodobbada artificial intelligence iyo machine learning. Laakiin, barkaasta shirkadaha lama isticmaalin kan hadda sababtoo ah waxaa laga heli karaa setup-ka tech-nology-ga ugu dambeeya.

Xuska Qaybaha Transceiver ku Habboonaya Switches iyo Network Interface Cards

Hadda inta badan 1U rack switches ayaa soo baxa ama SFP28 ports oo coraysa 25 Gbps kiiba goynta QSFP28. Router-ada dhulqaadka hore waxay sii socda inay isticmaalaan SFP+ slots si ay u xidhaan. Waxaa loo yaqaana in lagu dhaqmo shabakadaha: Haddii nin doono inuu galinayo Network Interface Cards la macaan OSFP standards, wuxuu u baahan yahay qalab la macaan PCIe 5.0 x16 lanes, kadibna waxaa laga hortimaado xadka sare ee kororinta. Ha doornina inaad daawiso sheekadaha tixgelinta qalabkaas! Ma ahan keliya sababtoo ah SFP+ module ka fiican tahay inay gudaha SFP slot kale ayaa lacagta inay shaqeeyaan halkan. Transceivers 10 Gbps oo kor saaraysa ma shaqi karo goobaha 1 Gbps oo yar saaraysa sababtoo ah waxyihuna weyddiiyaan protokol kala duwan taariikhda kor saarida.

Waaajibaadda Multisource Agreement (MSA) si loo hubiyo inay isku hallaysmaan

Kooxaha sida SFF Committee, kaas oo leh fabriikada 92 maraakiib kaga soo noqon maalin, ayaa sida xaqiiqsanaanta ku dhisata siyaasadda sida la sameeyo transceiver-ka doorka, elektrikuuna iyo jiritaanka. Qiimaha saxda ah waxa lagu heli karaa marka brand-yada kala duwan la shaqeeyo. Tusaale aad u sheeg: Cisco QSFP-40G-SR4 module-ka wuxuu shaqeeyn karaa Arista switch-ka haddii labaduba isku raacdo IEEE 802.3bm standard iyo QSFP+ MSA taliyin. Laakiin waxaa jira aragti in la xusuusto. Deeqda Dell'Oro 2023 ka soo dira, saddexanba qof kasta oo dhicitaanka shabakada la xidhiidha transceiver-ka waxay dhacday sabiila in baaritaannada badan kaliya ay ku raaceen heerarka. Sidaa darteed muhiim in la helo fasal weyn ee faahfaahsan.

Soo saaranida Vendor Locking adoo isticmaalaya Transceiver-ka Doorka MSA-Compliant

Alaabta badbaadiga aad ugu weyn waxay iska tiilinaysaa koodihooda xubnaha ah ee toosan oo kale, laakiin hababka MSA saxda ah ayaa heli kara inay ka soo baxaan korolladaasu adkeeda ku saabsan isticmaalka foomka caadiga ah ee EEPROM. Eeg noocyada kale ee duka wanaagsan aad uga jiraan standaardhaha SFF-8472 ee diagnostics iyo SFF-8636 ee maamulka. Taasoo la astaamo taasiin FlexOptix sanadkii labaad, taliyahan waxay shaqeysaa midho mid ahaantahooda marka loo eego alaabta laabta ah, in lagu sheegayo in ay shaqeeyeen 99,6% si dhakhso ah goobta laboratoor. Shaqaaluhu marka ay beddesho martiilaha tan, waxay hortagayaan 40 ilaa 60 boqolkiiba intay raadineen aadka iibsan, halkaas oo kale sidoo kale inay siiyaan natiijooyinka aadka iibsan iyo horumarinta warriyan. Tiroohuna waxay sheegayaan natiijada qofna ku yaal inay sameeyaan doorashooyin saxda ah iibsiga.

Xaqiiq Qoraal, Dhererka Xaqiiq, iyo Nidaamka Liisaska

Wasaaraha Muhiimka: Xaqiiq Qoraal, Dhererka Xaqiiq, iyo Dhererka Daawashada

Transceivers daacad-dhareed ayaa inay isku raacdaan saddex wasaaraha muhiimka leh si ay ugu fucusho:

• Xaqiiq Qoraal (1G ilaa 400G) wuxuu tixraaca awoodka bandhigga, halka qofarka sare ay u baahan tahay inay leedahdaan dhaawacyo kala duwan oo kordhiyaan.
• Ugu muujiyay (850 nm, 1310 nm, 1550 nm) wuxuu taasiinaya aragidda diridda – dhererka yar (850 nm) wuxuu raacaa sayidka badan ee lagu diraa fududood ≤ 550m, haddana dhererka weyn (1550 nm) wuxuu kuu karaan inuu socdo sayid hal-ee 120km.
• Meecka Ka Soo Galisay wuxuu khatartamaa in siyaasadda sayidka (≤ 0.4 dB/km sayid hal-ee) iyo xadka iskudhafinta.

Waa Maxaydhka Qodhaahda Caayaanka: 850 nm, 1310 nm, iyo 1550 nm Isticmaalka

Hawl-galidda aynu u dhigmaan waa maxaydhka qodhaahda si loo xidho isticmaalka gaarka ah:

• 850 nm VCSELs wada baabbi'in karruuryo yar (<1km) karruuryo badan data centers sababtoo ah lacagta ka dhalan kara transceiver.
• 1310 nm DFB lasers bixinta awood u leh karruuryo single-mode si ay ku dhowaan 40km, ka hortaga saamaysida midabka midabka (chromatic dispersion).
• 1550 nm EML lasers dhegeyso karruuryo dheer-dheer DWDM iyagoo isticmaalaya C-band oo kaas oo yar-qaadasho si loo bixiyo 100G+ coherently.

Xidhiidhka Transceiver-oyinka Caayaanka leh Fiber Types: Multimode vs Single-Mode

Joometriga kaydka sayrka si toos ah ay ku cinwaanta doorka iyo furitaanka dacwadaha:

Tecnoolojiyada Tallyo: Sayn, CWDM, DWDM, iyo Qalabka Bidirectional (BiDi)

Xarunta isticmaala habab kala duwan oo sayn ah si ay ugu dhaqan tahay farsahanka farxadka:

• Saynka Caadi : Toka ah sayn marwaliba farxad (tusaale, 100G-LR4), aasaasiga badnaa in lagu dhisin.
• CWDM/DWDM : Isku dhufasho 18–96 sayn marwaliba ku tiirsan Coarse ama Dense WDM, taas oo kordhaya heysiga ilaa 40x.
• BiDi Transceivers : Ku dir dhammaan wavelength-oyinka (tusaale ahaan, 1310/1550 nm) ku taal barasho kasta, kaas oo sii saaraan in la qaybiyo barashada kasta.

Xasiloonida Ilaalinta iyo Xasiloonida Qiimaha Kalsoonida Ee Marqatiyada

Xasiloonida Transceiver-ka leh Brandihiya Muddo: Cisco, Arista, NVIDIA/Mellanox

Kubadda siyaasadda weyndii waa lahayd hababkiisa kala duwan ee u eegaya firmware-ka iyo EEPROm coding marka laga soo koobido in transceiver-ku shaqee si wanaagsan. Tusaale ahaan, nidaamka DOM ee Cisco wuxuu u baahan yahay in codka marqati ah loo isticmaalo in lagu ogaado in ay switch-ka Catalyst-ka ugu yeello. Sidoo kale, NVIDIA iyo Mellanox waxay leedahay InfiniBand-ka oo muhiim u leh in ay leedahay toleransiga wavelength-ka oo u dhakhsiyaha 30% ka hooseeya heerka caadiga MSA. Taariikhda cusub ee 2023 ayaa muujiyay waxyaab ah. Waa in 62% ee dhammaan arrimo la xidhiidha transceiver-ka waxaa jira goobaha la iskudhufanayo iney brandiyo kala duwan la isku dhufto sababtoo ah profile-kiisu ma isku raacan.

Socotida Matrices Xaqiiqsanaanta iyo Wajibka Isgaarsiinta Warshadaha Maamulka

Matrices xaqiigga ah ee ugu yaraan qaybta isdhaafashada transceivers per model switch iyo lehlabta software. Arista's EOS 4.28+ ay ku daray sabsab siinista optics, kaas oo muhiim ah in la sameeyo jadwalka calibrating dhererka temperatureynta transceivers QSFP28 taariikhda - hore ayaan la sheegay in aan muhiim ahayn. Hubi wajibaha muhiimaha:

Kalsoonida Adeegga Maamulka iyo Kaalmooyinka Gaarka Ah ee Iibsheeysan

Waxaa in lagu isticmaalo transceivers kala duwan (Ponemon 2023), sidaas darteed MSA ma garantiyaa furitaan. Habka "Enhanced Optics" ee Juniper waxay daraysaa tijaabooyinka asteelka-2 oo aan ku jira MSA, kaas oo muhtamay in la isticmaalo transceivers la programmi karo oo leh isku-dhafka siyaasadda oo 10% sii sare marka loo eego hadda.

Hababka Wanaagsan ee Furitaanka Transceivers Daraaliyeed ee Dareen

1. Tijaabo Hore Laga Siiyo Furitaanka : Xaqiiji transceivers hoos dhacday dhaawacyada kor ugu sarreeya kama yarin 48 saa
2. Isku-dhafka Firmware : Hubow in farsamaha DOM ay isku mid tahay in cadadka switch OS ay dooneysaan
3. Isku-dhafka Jidhka Nolosha : La shaqeele iibsheeyayaasha ofer gurmadaha firmware oo isku dhaf ah daawashooyinka network aad kor u qaadatay

Warbixin 2023 ayaa muujinaysa in hay'ado lagu dhammaystiray daaweynta la xidhiidha leh kompatilibilidadadii 83% ka dib marka loo daavay konfigurasyonno khasab ah ee gacanta saddexaadka ah ee DWDM.

Sifooyinka EEPROM iyo Ka Baxidda Gaarka Ah ee Marwadaha

Sida EEPROM U Hagaajiso Aqoonsiga iyo Xaqiiqsiga Transceiver

Chipka EEPROM ee ka soo saara transceiver-oyinka laabta waxay u shaqeeya sifo khaas wixii loo sameeyey, kaas oo qabsi karaaya macluumaad aad u muhiim ah sida numbers serial, marka lagu sameeyey, iyo midhee kale ee ku habboon. Marka hardware-ka shabakada bilaawdo, waxay iskala soo koobata chipkan si ay u hubiyaan in kasta waxa jidad. Warbixin cusbayl ah oo ka timaad sanadkula dhammaadka ayaa heli jiray in hubinta kan ay diidee dhamaan caabudnaha aan la yaqaan shabakadaha kubadda. Laakiin halkan waa jiritaank: mararka qaarkood inshaafaha ay ku daran tahay hababka authentication khusuus ah oo ay ku dharraan tahay chipkan memory, taas oo abaalmarinaysa in lacagta kala duwan ay isku halligari doonaan. Waxa ay leedahay sida ku xidhitaanka meelaha aan loo baqin, si keliya in la ilaaliyo macaamiisha inay la socdaan alaabta gaar ah.

Soo Jeedinta EEPROOM ku Qodshay Inkompatilibilidade Switch

Firmwariis ka badanida wuxuu ku xidhaya qixii EEPROM-ka database-daha dhexdeeda si ay u hubiyaan transceiver-rada. Kala duwanaansho ayaa waxa weydaan in "SFP aan la taageerin" ay sabab u noqon doonto—haddaba marka module-ku sameynayso shaacihii tekniga. Tijaabooyinka asteedka waxa muujiyey in 30% ee sarrifaha la'aanta ay ka soo baxaan kala duwanaanshaha EEPROM-ka, kuma saaran abaalmarro shaqsi ah, tan loo yaabaa in lagama filna doono in lagu dhisno si fiican.

Habaloolaha in La Dhaqmo Vendor Lock-In Wuxuu Iibsanyahay Adeegga Adeegsiga Si Buuxda

Alaabta saddexaad maraakiibka hadda ay bixiyeen transceiver-rada la cusbooneysiiyey iyagoo la reprogrammiyey koodhaha EEPROM-ka la iskushiyaayo leh SFF-8472. Mudooyaan caawinaadka inta lagu dhaqmo qiimaha ilaa 70% ka hooseeya alaabta la brandiyey. Hababka loo nafo ayaan wuxuu ku jira:

• Hubi nambarka firmware-ka loo yaqaana
• Isticmaal adeegga reprogramming-ka la certifikeyey ISO 9001
• Samee tijaabooyinka jiqmaha hore ee signal-ka hore in lagu dejiyo

Awoodaha iyo Xataa Reprogramming-ka Transceiver-rada Optical-ka

Suuveyntii soo socda ee boorka 2024 ayaa muujiyey in 68% ee wasaaradu isticmaaleen modulooyin siiso-labka ku qorshood in aqoonsimooyin aan ahayn jiritaanka, inkastoo kaliya 29% ay ku qabsadeen iyagoo ku jira qaybta mutbaqda sababtoo ah wacyigga taageerida cudud. Hadda hore hubbi tirista heerka carrada (–40°C ilaa 85°C) iyo awoodda raadiyaha DOM markaad dooneysid transceiver-iyada ka bilaashka.

Tijaabo iyo Xaqiimadda Transceiver-iyada Daaweyaasha Dhaadhiska Enterprise

Qodobada Tijaabooyinka Isdhexgalka ee Transceiver-iyada Daaweyaasha Dhaadhiska

Xarunta maamulka ayaa u baahan tijaabo dadbad ah ee transceiver-iyada daaweyaasha dhaadhiska iyadoo loo isticmaalayo qodobo tijaabo standerd ah. Sistamada tijaabo Ethernet ku leh shaqsiyaadaha sare ay ku eegayaan fikradaha saafidda iyo simuleyshinka dhaawac kala duwan si ay u hubiyaan saxnaanta xogta bogga jajab-kala-ku-taariikhda. Kuwaas waxay qiimeenka xalinta khalad (<1–10 ⁻¹²), saxnaantood ee waqti-dhacida (±5%), iyo macaamilka ka sii kordhinta nolosha.

Liiska Raadinta Qofka Helida: Awood, Taageerada, iyo Xusla

Saddex qaybaha ayaa dhisaya awoodda qofka helida:

Xusuusta Xubno: Helitaanka Transceivers oo MSA-Compliant ee ku dhisay Xubnaha Midho Kala Duwan

Hay'ad aqoonta ka bulsho gobolka ay dhalisantay xadidka 40% adiguna marka ay beddeshay midho 100G QSFP28 oo loo muqaalayo iyadoo loo isticmaalayo badhanka MSA-certified Cisco Nexus 93180YC-EX iyo Arista 7280CR3. Dhexeeya shaqada ayaa lahaa:

• Isticmaalka hor inta 200 khat loona testey ardaynta afar ee firmware switch-ka
• Xaqiijinta staabildhiga kanalka DWDM si toos ah 15 km muddo
• Helitaanka raad-raaca doorka optically gargaarka SNMPv3

Hubinta Awoodda Daaweynta iyo Xulkiyadda Warantiyada

Socodka ilmushaaga si weyn u dhufan IEC 62379-2 wuxuu saameyn jiraa in fursadda transceiver ay ka sii dheer tahay hababka saddex sano. Maalgashii sarreeya waxay hadda bixiyeen waranti awoodda leh oo ku qoranta:

• Dheerka awoodda soo saarka (>3 dBm margin)
• Isbedelka natiijada helitaanka (<0.8 dB isbeddel)
• Garantiyada jiiditaanka cusubinta firmware-ka

Warbixintii xaqiimadda labaad-kale waxay muujinaysaa in transceiver-ka oog ah oo sax aqoonsan yahay ay dhammaystiraan 99.999% waqtiga kor ugu yar khatwadguduhu, iyagoo raacaya tijaabooyinka awoodda OEM